UDF File Structure and Volume of Blu-ray Disc and Its Requirements
The blu-ray Rewritable discs are non-sequential recording media. The drive unit performs the read-modify-write and defect management operations. So, there remains no need for the sparing table and virtual allocation table and in the file system.
The factors of blu-ray that have impact on UDF are:
2k bytes for logical sector and 64k bytes for ECC block
For BD-RE, BD-R and BD-ROM, there are different requirements for the UDF volume and file structure and are individually defined in different specifications for each of the above media types. There is also included defect management in the Blu-ray Recordable discs. This feature eliminates the need for the Sparing Table in the file system. The requirements are simplified for the Blu-ray Read-Only discs and therefore, there is no need for read-modify-write, overwriting or incremental recording of user data. The defect management system allows for the replacement of defective clusters as well as enabling the logical overwriting of previously recorded user data.
The recording of digital broadcasts in BD-RE Format
The BD-RE Application’s recording format adopts MPEG-2 TS (Transport Stream) for stream multiplexing and MPEG-2 video for video codec. For multiplexing in DVD Video, it employs MPEG-2 PS (Program Stream). In comparison with MPEG-2 PS, MPEG-2 TS has a small packet size fixed at 188 bytes; it can multiplex multiple channels and EPG (Electronic Program Guide) information and is altogether more suited to broadcasting. The BD-RE Application Format enables transport streams of digital broadcasts to be recorded as they are without altering the format.
In current BS digital broadcasting systems, a single transponder is occupied by two or four transport streams and multiple programs (that is channels) are multiplexed in a single transport stream. A transport stream like this that is used for broadcasting and contains multiple programs is known as a full transport stream . The partial transport stream is made from the full transport stream which is done by extracting the audio/data/video components of a particular program and reconfiguring the Program Specific Information/Service Information (PSI/SI), information which describes the programs. The audio/data/video components of unwanted channels would also be recorded and use up the recording area, if a digital broadcast recorder were to record a full transport stream in its original form. The conversion from full to partial transport stream is an important process for the recorder. This conversion process allows the recording area to be used efficiently by lowering the recording rate.
The time intervals between packets are not always the same in a partial transport stream which is reconstructed from the necessary packets extracted from the full transport stream. These packet intervals are determined by the buffer model. The packets must be observed when the packets are input to the demultiplexer /decoder or else the buffer will overflow or underflow and data will not be decoded correctly. In order to overcome this problem, a header is added to each TS packet during recording to indicate the time that the TS packet arrived at the Transport stream-System Target Decoder (T-STD). TS packet attached with its packet arrival time is called a source packet under the BD-RE Application Format. During playback, the packet intervals before recording are reproduced accurately based on the packet arrival times recorded in the source packet headers and the packets are then output to the T-STD or to outside the device.
When recording a transport stream to disc, the information of other programs and other unwanted information are deleted from the PSI/SI and the information reconfigured and the recording is processed in accordance with copy control information; however, no changes are necessary at the coded data level (elementary stream) such as down-converting or re-encoding which affect picture and sound quality. This is how the BD-RE Application Format enables recording of Hi-Vision video, which can have a maximum bit rate of 24Mbps, and multi-channel audio while keeping the original broadcast quality.
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